• Waves are repeated vibrations that transfer energy
• Transverse wave - a wave that moves perpendicular to the direction of motion
• Waves transfer energy

Parts of a Transverse Wave:

Waves consist of many parts

• Amplitude(A) - Distance from the x axis to the trough or crest of a wave
  • measured in meters
• Wavelength(λ) - The distance from one point on the wave to the same point on the next wave.
  • measured in meters
• Frequency - The number of waves formed per second
  • Symbol is $f$ and it is measured in Hertz
• Time period - The amount of time taken for one oscillation to complete
  • (The time taken for a single wave to pass a point)
• Wave velocity - The distance travelled by a wave each second

Note:

• In a transverse wave:
  • The wavelength can be measured from one crest/trough to the next crest/trough
• In a longitudinal wave:
  • The wavelength can be measured from the centre of one compression to the centre of the next

Sounds are higher or lower in pitch according to the frequency of vibration of the sound waves producing them. A high frequency (e.g., 880 hertz [Hz; cycles per second]) is perceived as a high pitch and a low frequency (e.g., 55 Hz) as a low pitch.